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Top 4 Factors Impacting Car Emission
Automobile pollution is a much talked about concern among the environmentalists in the present era of global warming. It is an urgent constraint to focus on the issue in order to control the ubiquitous damage.
It is high time when auto and oil industry should join hands with Indian Government to evolve fuel quality standards and automotive technology in order to meet air quality targets.
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), which keeps a close eye on the happenings in auto industry, has defined four parameters that determine vehicular emissions. According to the association these factors have direct environmental impacts and have to be upgraded to achieve significant reduction in emissions.
It is high time when auto and oil industry should join hands with Indian Government to evolve fuel quality standards and automotive technology in order to meet air quality targets.
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), which keeps a close eye on the happenings in auto industry, has defined four parameters that determine vehicular emissions. According to the association these factors have direct environmental impacts and have to be upgraded to achieve significant reduction in emissions.
Here are the parameters that determine vehicular emissions:
Vehicular Technology
Vehicular technology simply means the advanced and new technologies invading as an essential part of the automotive industry. According to SIAM, in India, automotive population is growing at a rate of over 5% annually that includes a mix of two-wheelers and four-wheelers. With the increasing number of vehicles on roads, the need of eco-friendly technologies came into picture.
In 1991, the first stage of emission norms came into existence mainly for petrol vehicles and later in 1992 the norms were also defined for diesel vehicles. Further to that from April 1995, a new automotive technology, catalytic converters, were made mandatory for petrol passenger cars along with supply of Unleaded Petrol (ULP). This resulted in emission reduction of over 85% for petrol vehicles and over 61% for diesel vehicles in comparison to the emission levels recorded in 1991.
Furthermore, Bharat State II followed by Bharat Stage III came into picture. Gradually, officials of the Indian industry realized that the country is much behind Euro Norms because of the gap in automotive technologies. However, a new beginning has been made to bridge the gap with the Euro standards. Car manufacturers are now introducing innovative engine technologies and injection systems to improve on performance and head ahead to align between Euro and Indian Emission Norms.
In 1991, the first stage of emission norms came into existence mainly for petrol vehicles and later in 1992 the norms were also defined for diesel vehicles. Further to that from April 1995, a new automotive technology, catalytic converters, were made mandatory for petrol passenger cars along with supply of Unleaded Petrol (ULP). This resulted in emission reduction of over 85% for petrol vehicles and over 61% for diesel vehicles in comparison to the emission levels recorded in 1991.
Furthermore, Bharat State II followed by Bharat Stage III came into picture. Gradually, officials of the Indian industry realized that the country is much behind Euro Norms because of the gap in automotive technologies. However, a new beginning has been made to bridge the gap with the Euro standards. Car manufacturers are now introducing innovative engine technologies and injection systems to improve on performance and head ahead to align between Euro and Indian Emission Norms.
Fuel Quality
Fuel quality is another key factor or parameter that determines the vehicular emissions. In 1996, India, the Ministry of Environment and Forests notified fuel specifications according to which the maximum limits of benzene level in petrol have been specified to be 5% m/m in country and 3% m/m in metro cities.
Furthermore, the increasing environmental distress forced the ministry to eliminate leaded petrol, thereby giving way to unleaded petrol. Unleaded petrol has become a standard form of gasoline used today in all passenger cars and other vehicles.
Gradually, phase-wise upgradation took place that notified the use of 0.05% sulphur petrol and diesel in four metro cities of India in 2000. At the same time the level of benzene in petrol was further reduced to 1% mainly in Delhi and Mumbai.
Government, SIAM, and the Ministry of Environment and Forests are all still working in association with each other for a holistic approach to upgrade engine technology and optimize maximum benefits for the environment.
Today, the car manufacturers have also come up with alternative fuels like CNG and LPG that have further played a significant role in resolving environmental issues.
Furthermore, the increasing environmental distress forced the ministry to eliminate leaded petrol, thereby giving way to unleaded petrol. Unleaded petrol has become a standard form of gasoline used today in all passenger cars and other vehicles.
Gradually, phase-wise upgradation took place that notified the use of 0.05% sulphur petrol and diesel in four metro cities of India in 2000. At the same time the level of benzene in petrol was further reduced to 1% mainly in Delhi and Mumbai.
Government, SIAM, and the Ministry of Environment and Forests are all still working in association with each other for a holistic approach to upgrade engine technology and optimize maximum benefits for the environment.
Today, the car manufacturers have also come up with alternative fuels like CNG and LPG that have further played a significant role in resolving environmental issues.
Inspection & Maintenance of In-Use Vehicles
Indian roads are crowded with automotives that include only 8% of new vehicles. As the cars and vehicles become old they need more maintenance. When any automotive is not in perfect or well-maintained condition, it hampers the performance and results in increased fuel consumption. In order to keep the vehicles well on track it is required to have regular check-ups, inspection, and maintenance.
In foreign countries, inspection and maintenance of all vehicles have resulted in a substantial reduction in emissions. All the vehicles especially the in-use vehicles have to undergo periodic fitness certification but in India, no such rule or certification applies.
However, these days the PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification has become mandatory at regular intervals based on the category of vehicle. Innovative ways and measures to improve the standards and reduce the emission levels of in-use vehicles are still a hunt.
In foreign countries, inspection and maintenance of all vehicles have resulted in a substantial reduction in emissions. All the vehicles especially the in-use vehicles have to undergo periodic fitness certification but in India, no such rule or certification applies.
However, these days the PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification has become mandatory at regular intervals based on the category of vehicle. Innovative ways and measures to improve the standards and reduce the emission levels of in-use vehicles are still a hunt.
Road and Traffic Management
Road and traffic management is also a significant factor that contributes to automotive emissions. Inadequate and poor quality of roads like that in India leads to increased cost of operation as well as increased pollution.
In India, roads are rough, bumpy, crooked, and equipped with various digs. Such a kind of road infrastructure pulls in more energy from cars and automotives running on it. It has also been estimated that road improvements in the country will improve operation cost of the vehicle by nearly about 15%. In such a case, this kind of management is really important.
Note: The information is sourced from an official website on
http://www.siamindia.com/scripts/emission-standards.aspx
In India, roads are rough, bumpy, crooked, and equipped with various digs. Such a kind of road infrastructure pulls in more energy from cars and automotives running on it. It has also been estimated that road improvements in the country will improve operation cost of the vehicle by nearly about 15%. In such a case, this kind of management is really important.
Note: The information is sourced from an official website on
http://www.siamindia.com/scripts/emission-standards.aspx
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