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Science and Technology of Electric Cars
Electric cars utilize electrical energy to drive the wheels of the car instead of relying on combustion of fuels. In the modern era electric cars are taking over the petrol and diesel cars because of their simple mechanism and hard core performance.
At present Indian car market possesses only one electric car, Reva Maini, and many others are about to enter the market in near future. Though Reva is a good city car and there are many people in the country who enjoy riding on the Reva but have anyone thought how the car actually works. It has a completely different principle and theory of working when compared to petrol and diesel cars. Not only Reva but all the other electric cars across the globe have their own science and technology that produce wheel or axle movement.
At present Indian car market possesses only one electric car, Reva Maini, and many others are about to enter the market in near future. Though Reva is a good city car and there are many people in the country who enjoy riding on the Reva but have anyone thought how the car actually works. It has a completely different principle and theory of working when compared to petrol and diesel cars. Not only Reva but all the other electric cars across the globe have their own science and technology that produce wheel or axle movement.
Principle of Working
Electric cars work on the principle of electric current generated from batteries. This electric current is transferred to the electric motor and is then converted into kinetic energy of the wheels.
The three main components of an electric car are as follows:
The three main components of an electric car are as follows:
- An electric motor under the hood
- Controller that transfers electricity to the electric motor
- Rechargeable batteries that produce electric energy and pass it to the controller
- Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd)
- Lead-acid (both Valve Regulated Lead Acid or otherwise)
- Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
- Lithium Ion (LiON)
- Lithion-ion polymer
Theory of Working
Under the hood of an electric car a simple DC controller is connected to the DC motor. When the driver of an electric car presses the accelerator the controller takes the electric current generated by the batteries and transfers around 95% of the electricity to the electric motor. When the accelerator is left free the controller does not provide any electricity to the motor. The controller actually works to the extent the driver presses the pedal. Depending on the amount of pressure provided on the pedal the controller translates that pressure into electricity.
An electric car does not have a common accelerator pedal or transmission as in the gasoline cars. The pedal in the electric car is hooked to a pair of potentiometers that provides signal to the controller and informs how much power is to be delivered. Potentiometers are variable resistors used to control volume, tone, or other function of an electronic device.
An electric car does not have a common accelerator pedal or transmission as in the gasoline cars. The pedal in the electric car is hooked to a pair of potentiometers that provides signal to the controller and informs how much power is to be delivered. Potentiometers are variable resistors used to control volume, tone, or other function of an electronic device.
When the driver presses the pedal a cable from the pedal connecting the potentiometers transfers some signal to the controller. Then the controller reads the information delivered by the potentiometers. The car is fitted with two potentiometers and the controller ensures that the signals received from both are equal. If in case there is any discrepancy then the controller won’t respond to any of the signal and won’t operate at all.
Further to that heavy cables connect the battery with the controller with a large on/off switch in the middle of the connected cable. When the pedal is pressed the switch automatically turns on and generates electricity and when the driver takes off his foot from the pedal the switch would turn off. There is a small thermometer positioned between the batteries. This thermometer sends signal to the network of wires positioned on the right and this provides power than helps to keep the batteries cool and ventilated.
In there is an AC controller then it creates three pseudo-sine waves. Sine waves are waveform with deviations that has one-dimensional vibrations and waves without any dissipation. It works in association with the three phase AC motor that does not take any kind of DC voltage from the batteries and pulses it on and off. For this kind of working overall six sets transistors are required in an AC controller. For each phase one set of transistors are required to pulse the voltage and another set is required to reverse the polarity. This same working is repeated three times and three phases and hence a total of six sets of transistors are required.
Further to that heavy cables connect the battery with the controller with a large on/off switch in the middle of the connected cable. When the pedal is pressed the switch automatically turns on and generates electricity and when the driver takes off his foot from the pedal the switch would turn off. There is a small thermometer positioned between the batteries. This thermometer sends signal to the network of wires positioned on the right and this provides power than helps to keep the batteries cool and ventilated.
In there is an AC controller then it creates three pseudo-sine waves. Sine waves are waveform with deviations that has one-dimensional vibrations and waves without any dissipation. It works in association with the three phase AC motor that does not take any kind of DC voltage from the batteries and pulses it on and off. For this kind of working overall six sets transistors are required in an AC controller. For each phase one set of transistors are required to pulse the voltage and another set is required to reverse the polarity. This same working is repeated three times and three phases and hence a total of six sets of transistors are required.
Advantages of Electric Cars
Electric cars are gradually taking over the car industry and the entire world has switched over the use of these green and eco-friendly cars. Historically, these cars were not accepted and appreciated by car buyers across the globe because of their limited driving range. But now things are changing and battery technology is improving on a faster pace. These days’ car manufacturers are researching and experimenting of various innovations to produce the best of electric cars because these have many advantages over the gasoline cars.
The key advantages of electric cars are as follows:
The key advantages of electric cars are as follows:
- These are cheaper to operate.
- Reduce levels of emissions.
- Does not require any kind of combustion to generate energy.
- Reduce dependency on oil.
- Can be easily charged using household power units.
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