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Essential Active and Passive Car Safety Features


Thanks to poor road safety in India, driving without safety features in a car is a challenge in itself. It is not always necessary that the safety of the driver and the passengers are guaranteed. The traffic is increasing day by day and people are always busy and do not have time to wait for anything. The carelessness of one person may claim the life of many. The cases of road accidents are increasing every day and the traffic rules and other safety measures are becoming helpless in curbing them. But car manufacturers, who would not want to be sorry for the occurring accidents, always are in a look out for better safety measures and features to install it in their cars. There are safety techniques in cars which will protect the passengers from minor injuries to life threatening injuries. Technology is so developed now that there are features to save the pedestrians also. Special care should be given to aged people, babies and children, pregnant women, and handicapped. Young and old drivers should especially be careful as carelessness; over speed and lack of experience are some of the main reasons for the accidents caused among the young, while it is the bad eye sight, poor physical condition and deteriorating memory are the common features that are found in the old drivers who cause accidents. There are two types of safety features namely active and passive. The active safety features will be benefited only if the passengers do the needful, for example, a seatbelt protects the passenger only if it is fastened. The passive safety features do not ask for any action from the occupants, instead it will act by itself whenever necessary, and a good example of this is airbags, which deploys itself when there is an impact to protect the passenger.

Below given are a few safety features in a car that will prevent accidents, help the driver drive more safely, and will reduce the impact of the accident, incase if it happens.
  1. Automotive night vision: This helps the driver see longer distance in the darkness or bad weather conditions, which will not be covered by the headlights.
  2. Reverse backup sensors: The Reverse backup sensors alert the driver of an unseen or unnoticed object behind the car while reversing it. The sensor is usually fixed in the brackets or bumper of the vehicle. And the driver, in most of the cases, is alerted through a beep or other tones and in some cases there is visual assistance also such as liquid crystal display (LCD), which will show lines originating from the sensors.
  3. Seatbelts: Car Seatbelts otherwise known as safety belt helps the passenger to remain in a safe position avoiding any hurtful moves resulting from an abrupt stop or crash. It helps to prevent the passenger from hitting any part of the vehicle or another passenger and being thrown out of the car.
  4. ABS or Anti lock braking system: The unique Car ABS system stops the wheels of the vehicle from locking. It offers improved control over the vehicle on skid prone surfaces such as ice, snow, or gravel.
  5. Beams: Safety beams will safeguard the passengers from any side impacts in the vehicle.
  6. Automatic high beam: High beam headlights help the driver by automatically selecting and activating the correct light beam in different road and climatic conditions as per requirements.

  1. Airbags: Airbags in cars are passive safety features that will inflate incase of a collision and will stop the passengers from moving forward. It helps in preventing serious head injuries. It is operated through the very simple design of Airbag control unit (ACU). On collision the airbag will blow up, but the air will slowly leak, in a controlled manner, when the passenger squeezes the airbag.
  2. Lane departure warning system: The Lane departure warning system is a mechanism used to alert the driver if the car is moving out of the lane. There are two types of lane departure warning system, one which warns the driver when the vehicle starts to move away from the lane and the other which acts by itself ensuring the vehicle is in a safe position in case no step is been taken by the driven in spite of the alert.
  3. Autonomous Cruise Control: Another passive safety feature is the autonomous cruise control that will automatically slow the car when another car comes near and speed up the car later. It is an optional cruise control feature that is mostly available in high-end cars. Both laser and radar are used in the cruise control system.
  4. Crumple Zone: Located in the front part and other parts of the vehicle, crumple zone is a feature that manages the crash energy and absorbs it within the front section without affecting the passengers.
  5. Emergency Brake Assist (EBA): The Emergency Brake Assist (EBA) protects the passenger from the slow reaction of a driver in an emergency situation. It ensures that maximum power is used to stop the vehicle in an emergency situation, and if the driver fails to do so, the EBA system takes the initiative and stops the car, avoiding a crash.
  6. Pre-crash System: The pre-crash system detects the possibility of a crash with the help of laser or radar censors and intimates the driver. It automatically applies the brake, and draw in the seat belts, thus reducing the impact of the crash.
There are features available in a car that ensures not only the safety of the passenger but also of the pedestrians. There is a lot of designing and redesigning involved in bringing out such as car; the bumper, bonnet and other front parts of the car should be relatively softer. There are also some hi-technology pedestrian safety measures in a car, which alerts the driver of the possibility of a hit and if the driver fails to act on time an automatic brake will be applied.