First things first
Read your owner's manual and follow the manufacturer's recommended service schedules.
Engine Performance
Get
engine driveability problems (hard starts, rough idling, stalling, diminished power, etc.) corrected at a good repair shop. Cold weather makes existing problems worse. Replace dirty filters-air, fuel, PCV, etc. A poorly running engine is less efficient and burns more gasoline.
Fuel
Put a bottle of
fuel de-icer in your tank once a month to help keep moisture from freezing in the fuel line. Note, too, that a gas tank that's kept filled helps prevent moisture from forming.
Oil
Change your oil and oil filter as specified in your user manual more often if your driving is mostly stop-and-go or consists of frequent short trips. A study revealed that regular oil and filter changes is one of the most frequently neglected services, yet one that is essential to protect your engine.
Cooling System
The cooling system should be flushed and refilled as recommended. The level, condition, and concentration of the coolant should be checked periodically. (A 50/50 mix of anti-freeze and water is usually recommended.) Never remove the radiator cap until the engine has thoroughly cooled! The tightness and condition of drive belts, clamps, and hoses should be checked by a pro.
Heater/Defroster
The heater and defroster must be in good working condition for passenger comfort and driver visibility.
Windshield Wipers
Replace old blades. If your climate is harsh, purchase rubber-clad (winter) blades to fight ice build-up. Stock up on
windshield washer solvent as you'll be using more of it.
Lights
Inspect all lights and bulbs; replace burned out bulbs; periodically clean road grime from all lenses. To prevent scratching, never use a dry rag.
Battery
The only accurate way to detect a weak battery is with professional equipment. Routine care: Scrape away corrosion from posts and cable connections; clean all surfaces; re-tighten all connections. If
battery caps are removable, check fluid level monthly. A word of caution: Removal of cables can cause damage or loss of data/codes on some newer vehicles. Check your manual. Be sure to avoid contact with corrosive deposits and battery acid. Wear eye protection and rubber gloves.
Exhaust System
Your vehicle should be placed on a lift and the exhaust system examined for leaks. The trunk and floorboards should be inspected for small holes. Exhaust fumes can be deadly.
Tyres
Worn tyres will be of little use in winter weather. Examine tyres for remaining tread life, uneven wearing, and cupping; check the sidewalls for cuts and nicks. Check tyre pressure once a month. Let the
tyres “cool down” before checking the pressure. Rotate as recommended. Don't forget your spare, and be sure the jack is in good condition. Under-inflated tyres or poorly aligned wheels makes your engine work harder and thus use excess gasoline. Also have your brakes checked periodically for safety and to prevent costly repairs that can be caused by neglect.
Transmission
Often neglected until a major failure, routine checks and fluid changes at prescribed intervals can prevent very costly repairs down the line.
Emergencies
Put a few “high-energy” snacks in your glove box. The supply kit should contain battery jumper cables, a first-aid kit, shovel, basic tool kit (pliers, screwdriver, wrench, pocket knife), blankets, transistor radio, a bag of sand, and bright-colored cloth. If possible, motorists should carry a cellular phone so that they can call for help.